Personality

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Big 5

  • Goldberg, L. R. (1998). International Personality Item Pool: A scientific collaboratory for the development of advanced measures of personality and other individual differences. International personality item pool [1]. This is a direct link to the scale, which is provided free of most copyright restrictions as part of a broader research project on personality. [2] The IPIP scale of the FFM has been used in a number of published studies and has shown comparable validity and reliability to other well-known scales of the FFM.
  • John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. (1991). The “Big Five” Inventory: Versions 4a and 54 (Tech. Rep.). Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley. Widely-used, well-validated measure of Big 5 personality dimensions.
    • Used in Anderson, Cameron; Spataro, Sandra E.; Flynn, Francis J. 2008. Personality and organizational culture as determinants of influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3):702-710.
  • Saucier, G. (1994). Mini-Markers: A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar Big-Five markers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63(3), 506–516. 4 items composed of opposite adjectives to determine level of conscientiousness.
    • Used in Orvis, Karin A.; Dudley, Nicole M.; Cortina, Jose M. (2008). Conscientiousness and reactions to psychological contract breach: A longitudinal field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1183-1193. Cronbach's alpha=.87.
  • Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Wonderlic Consulting. (2002). Personal Characteristics Inventory. Libertyville, IL: Wonderlic. 150 items to measure conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience.
    • Used in Stewart, Greg L.; Dustin, Susan L.; Barrick, Murray R.; Darnold, Todd C. (2008). Exploring the handshake in employment interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1139 - 1146. Cronbach's alpha, respectively = .89, .90, .91, .90, and .85

Core self-evaluations

  • Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES): Development of a measure. Personnel Psychology, 56, 303-331.

Self-esteem

  • Zimprich, Daniel; Perren, Sonja; Hornung, Rainer A Two-Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement. Vol 65(3), Jun 2005, 465-481. This is the global self-esteem scale, changing some of the negatively worded items from the well-known Rosenberg scale to a positive pole to minimize method variance.

Locus of Control

  • Ghorpade, J., Hattrup, K., & Lackritz, J. R. (1999). The use of personality measures in cross-cultural research: A test of three personality scales across two countries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 670–679. Scale validated across cultures to determine internal or external locus of control
    • Used in Ozer, Muammer. (2008). Personal and task-related moderators of leader-member exchange among software developers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1174-1182. Cronbach's alpha=.83.

Generalized self-efficacy (see also Motivation and Self Evaluation for state self-efficacy)

  • Note that Bandura does not believe a general self-efficacy can exist, because it's not possible to be truly confident about doing a task you've not done. There is much dispute on this issue.
  • Scherbaum, C. A., Cohen-Charash, Y., & Kern, M. J. (2006). Measuring General Self​-​Efficacy: A Comparison of Three Measures Using Item Response Theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 1047-1063.
  • Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4, 62-83.

Psychological Collectivism

  • Jackson, C. L., Colquitt, J. A., Wesson, M. J, & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2006). Psychological Collectivism: A measurement validation and linkage to group member performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 884-899.
    • This is an individual-difference form of Collectivism or idiocentrism/allocentrism.

Handshake

  • Chaplin, W. F., Phillips, J. B., Brown, J. D., Clanton, N. R., & Stein, J. L. (2000). Handshaking, gender, personality and first impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 110–117. 5 item scale to assess handshake characteristics.
    • Used in Stewart, Greg L.; Dustin, Susan L.; Barrick, Murray R.; Darnold, Todd C. (2008). Exploring the handshake in employment interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1139 - 1146. Found high intercorrelation between handshake characteristics so they also created an overall score based on the average of the five items.

Organizational Machiavellianism Scale

  • Kessler, S.R., Bandelli, A.C., Spector, P.E., Borman, W.C., Nelson, C.E., & Penney, L.M. (in press). Reexamining Machiavelli: A three dimensional model of Machiavellianism in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.

Proactive personality

  • Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118.

Self-Monitoring

  • Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 526–537. 25 items to determine the level of self-monitoring.
    • Used in Oh, Hongseok; Kilduff, Martin. (2008). The ripple effect of personality on social structure: Self-monitoring origins of network brokerage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1155-1164.

Risk aversion

  • Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 680-693.
  • Cable, D.M., T.A. Judge. (1994). Pay preferences and job search decisions: A person-organization perspective. Personnel Psychology, 47, 317-348. This is an eight item measure of risk aversion, which is based on original scales developed by Slovic (1972) and Gomez-Mejia and Balkin (1989). See also Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial Coping With Organizational Change: A Dispositional Perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 107-122.

Temporal Focus - Past, Present, and Future

  • Shipp, A. J., Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2009). Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110(1): 1-22.

Psychological Tests - Reference Books

Tests in Print (TIP)

  • The Buros Institute for Mental Measurements, Lincoln, NE. Most current volume: 7th ed. (2006).

The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY)

  • The Buros Institute for Mental Measurements, Lincoln, NE. Most current edition: 17th ed. (2007).

Test Critiques

  • Pro-Ed, Inc., Austin, TX. Most current edition: updated annually.

FAQ/Finding Information About Psychological Tests http://www.apa.org/science/faq-findtests.html#testreferences

  • American Psychological Association. This page describes the three above books.
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