Performance: In-role

Task Performance

• Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., & Law, K. (2000). Conflict management, efficacy, and performance in organizational teams. Personnel Psychology, 53, 625–642.
• Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee–organization relationship: Does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management Review, 40(5), 1089–1121. 8 items to determine research oriented task-performance.
  • Used in Orvis, Karin A.; Dudley, Nicole M.; Cortina, Jose M. (2008). Conscientiousness and reactions to psychological contract breach: A longitudinal field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1183-1193. Cronbach's alpha=.88.

Job Performance

• 7 items to determine in-role job performance based on earlier research in:
  • Erdogan, B., & Enders, J. (2007). Support from the top: Supervisors' perceived organizational support as a moderator of leader-member exchange to satisfaction and performance relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 321–330.
  • Janssen, O., & Van Yperen, N. W. (2004). Employee's goal orientation, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 368–384.
  • Mayer, R. C., & Gavin, M. B. (2005). Trust in management and performance: Who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 48, 874–888.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R., & Fetter, R. (1990). The impact of transformational leader behaviors on employee trust, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
  • Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17, 601–617.
    • Used in Ozer, Muammer. (2008). Personal and task-related moderators of leader-member exchange among software developers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1174-1182. Cronbach's alpha=.82.
    • A version of the Williams and Anderson measure of in-role behavior, adapted for experience-sampling studies (ecological momentary assessments), is used in Study 2 of the following paper:
      • Dalal, R. S., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A within-person approach to work behavior and performance: Concurrent and lagged citizenship-counterproductivity associations, and dynamic relationships with affect and overall job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 1051-1066.

Individual work role performance

• Individual work role performance directed toward task, team, and organization. Differentiates proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity (27 items):
  • Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A New Model of Work Role Performance: Positive Behavior in Uncertain and Interdependent Contexts. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347.

Team Performance

• Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N., & Menon, S. T. (2000). Charismatic leadership and follower effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 747–767. 5 item scale for supervisors to rate agreement with measures of team performance.
  • Used in Cole, Michael S.; Walter, Frank; Bruch, Heike. 2008. Affective Mechanisms Linking Dysfunctional Behavior to Performance in Work Teams: A Moderated Mediation Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5):945-958. Cronbach's alpha=.83

Safety Performance

• Burke, M.J., Sarpy, S.A., Tesluk, P.E., & Smith-Crowe, K. (2002). General safety performance: A test of a grounded theoretical model. Personnel Psychology, 55, 429-457.

Job Demands

• Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308. 5 item scale to determine workload demands on participants time.
  • Used in Ng, Kok-Yee; Ang, Soon; Chan, Kim-Yin. 2008. Personality and Leader Effectiveness. A Moderated Mediation Model of Leadership Self Efficacy, Job Demands and Job Autonomy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4):733-743. Cronbach's alpha=.65

Task Autonomy

• 6 items to assess the extent to which have control over various aspects of their work
  • Jackson, P. R., Wall, T. D., Martin, R., & Davids, K. (1993). New measures of job control, cognitive demand, and production responsibility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 753–762.
  • Parker, S. K., & Axtell, C. M. (2001). Seeing another viewpoint: Antecedents and outcomes of employee perspective taking. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1085–1100.
    • Used in Ozer, Muammer. (2008). Personal and task-related moderators of leader-member exchange among software developers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93:5, 1174-1182.