Performance: Counterproductive and Work Withdrawal

Counterproductive - Individual

• Burton, J.P., Mitchell, T.R., & Lee, T.W. (2005). The role of self-esteem and social influences in aggressive reactions to interactional injustice. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20: 131-170. - Examines indirect and direct forms of expressions of hostility and obstructionism

Counterproductive Work Behaviors

• Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 446-460.

Counterproductive/Deviant Work Behaviors: Adapted to ecological momentary assessment (i.e., experience sampling methods)

• Dalal, R. S., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A within-person approach to work behavior and performance: Concurrent and lagged citizenship-counterproductivity associations, and dynamic relationships with affect and overall job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 1051-1066.

Counterproductive - Within Teams

• Novel 4 item scale to assess the degree to which teams' members engage in dysfunctional behavior designed in Cole, Michael S.; Walter, Frank; Bruch, Heike. 2008. Affective Mechanisms Linking Dysfunctional Behavior to Performance in Work Teams: A Moderated Mediation Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5):945-958. Cronbach's alpha=.7
  • Measure designed based on research and data from:
    • Bruch, H., & Ghoshal, S. (2004). A bias for action. Boston: Harvard Business Press
    • Duffy, M. K., Shaw, J. D., Scott, K. L., & Tepper, B. J. (2006). The moderating roles of self-esteem and neuroticism in the relationship between group and individual undermining behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1066–1077.
    • Robinson, S. L., & O'Leary-Kelly, A. M. (1998). Monkey see, monkey do: The influence of work groups on the antisocial behavior of employees. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 658–672.

Deviant Behavior

• Iversen, H., & Rundmo, T. (2004). Attitudes towards traffic safety, driving behavior and accident involvement among the Norwegian public. Ergonomics, 47(5), 555–572. 11 items to determine driver perception of breaking traffic rules.
  • Used in Newnam, Sharon; Griffin, Mark A.; Mason, Claire. 2008. Safety in work vehicles: A multilevel study linking safety values and individual predictors to work-related driving crashes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3):632-644.

Organization Deviance

• Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). The development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349–360. Items used to assess frequency of deviant behavior over a period of one year.
  • Adapted for use to assess such behavior over a shorter time period. Tepper, Bennett J.; Henle, Christine A.; Lambert, Lisa Schurer; Giacalone, Robert A.; Duffy, Michelle K. 2008. Abusive Supervision and Subordinates Organization Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4):721-732.

Work withdrawal

• Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An examination of retirement and other voluntary withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60–78.
• Roznowski, M., & Hanisch, K. A. (1990). Building systematic heterogeneity into work attitudes and behavior measures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36, 361-375