Goal Acceptance and Goal Commitment

Goal Acceptance and Goal Commitment

• Renn, R. W., Swiercz, P. M., Danehower, C., & Icenogle, M. L. 1999. Further examination of Leifer and McGannon's (1986) goal acceptance and goal commitment scales. Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72: 107-113

Goal Difficulty

• Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1992). Exploring the meaning and usefulness of measures of subjective goal difficulty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1417-1428.

Goal Setting

• Lee, C., Bobko, P., Earley, P.C., & Locke, E. (1991). An empirical analysis of a goal setting questionnaire. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 467-482

State Goal Orientation

• Horvath, M., Scheu, C. R., & DeShon, R. P. (2001). Goal orientation: Integrating theory and measurement. Paper presented at the 16th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA. A measure that has individual scales to determine state mastery orientation, performance-prove orientation and performance-avoid orientation. The scales are measured separately to provide a distinction from VandeWalle (1997), see below in Trait Goal Orientation
  • Used in Bell, Brandford, S. and Kozlowski, Steve W.J. 2008. Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2):296-316. Cronbach's alphas: Mastery (.88), Performance-Prove (.79) and Performance-Avoid (.83).

Trait Goal Orientation

• VandeWalle, D. (1997). Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57, 995–1015. 13 items to measure goal orientation. This measure does not treat the individual constructs it measures separately. Measures Mastery Orientation, performance-avoid orientation, and performance-prove orientation.
  • Used in Bell, Brandford, S. and Kozlowski, Steve W.J. 2008. Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2):296-316. Cronbach's alphas: Master (.85), Performance-Prove (.84), Performance-Avoid (.83).