Cognitive ability

General mental ability, cognitive ability, IQ, etc.

• Wonderlic Personnel test: http://www.wonderlic.com/index.aspx. This is a proprietary 50 item measure that has good construct validity, but isn't free.
• Miller, W. S. (1960). Technical manual for the Miller Analogies Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
• Raven, J. C. (1965). Progressive matrices. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
• Archival records of SAT or ACT scores are also good measures of cognitive ability, see Kuncel, N. R., Hezlett, S. A., & Ones, D. S. (2004). Academic Performance, Career Potential, Creativity, and Job Performance: Can One Construct Predict Them All?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 148-161.

Self-reported ability

• When considering self-reported ability scores, note the findings of Kuncel, N. R.; Credé, M., & Thomas, L. L., (2005). The Validity of Self-Reported Grade Point Averages, Class Ranks, and Test Scores: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature Review of Educational Research, 75, 63-82. Much of the other research cited below concurs with the general finding that self-reported cognitive ability is not the same construct as cognitive ability measured by tests.
• Gignac, G. E., Stough, C., & Loukomitis, S. (2004). Openness, intelligence, and self​-​report intelligence. Intelligence, 32, 133-143. Includes a 9-item scale of self-estimated cognitive ability.